Thus, despite the spike in repressive measures that the coronavirus has produced so far, the medium- to long-term prospects for many authoritarian governments are less certain today than they were before the pandemic hit. France and the three Baltic states of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia were among the member states on Monday to summon Chinas envoys to account for the comments made late last week by Lu Shaye, which sparked a wave of outrage across Europe. . The emergence of authoritarian states is a fascinating way of exploring the History Rising Big Question on Perspectives. His trial brought him fame and followers. First he attacked the Greek island of Corfu. (May 2009, TZ1), To what extent was the ruler of one single-party state successful in achieving his aims? Historians Ruth Ben-Ghiat and Mia Fuller argue that the Italian colonies provided "testing grounds for strategies of governance and repression". He used authoritarian tactics to solidify communist control of the Soviet Union. In 1938 Mussolini published a "Manifesto of Fascist Racism." Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. - Explain the repeated waves of escape and the establishment of Little Havana in Florida, 98-9 - Outline the use of coercion by Castro as a form of social control. Unit Objectives: Authoritarian and Single Party States. Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the They regulated marriage and sexual intercourse between the two groups, and stripped citizenship from both Jews and Roma. One-party rule seemed beyond their grasp. Topic 10 Authoritarian states (20th century) 19. And despite their differences, the fact that they all happened in a similar time period suggests that there was some global pattern making them all possible. Standards of behavior were changing. In other words, the lack of a reasonably level playing field notwithstanding, elections are still competitivealbeit unfair. (3) How did Castro's domestic policies affect Cuba? They believed Japan had a superior culture, and could rule other Asians better than the European empires had. These crackdowns impede effective public health responses, given that civil society can be a crucial partner to governmentsespecially for authoritarians with weak state capacity, such as those in many countries in Africa, former Soviet states, and the Middle Eastin terms of collecting and distributing accurate and timely health-related information and delivering resources and care. In 1931, Japanese forces invaded Manchuria, in China. Read and make notes on: (red - conditions; weaknesses of others;black - methods, tactics used by Castro), 63-4 - 1940s Batista's Cuba + Autentico Presidencies. The conservative politicians in the new Cabinet didnt like or trust Hitler, but they liked democracy even less, and they saw the leftist parties as a bigger threat. that a minimum of three authoritarian states should be studied. This had important consequences, because colonial policy in Ethiopia provided the basis for Italy's antisemitic race laws in 1938. Hitler spoke to the SA, his army of storm troopers. Do you see any of them flying around? Causes and effects of war: Chinese Civil War, H/L The People's Republic of China 1949-2005, http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-03-09/guest-post-message-voting-cattle?page=1, http://paxonbothhouses.blogspot.jp/2014/10/hitler-i-am-acting-as-agent-of-our.html, Cambridge paper - re.opposition to Nazism, http://www.casahistoria.net/ibrevision.htm, In 1943, hundreds of German women saved their Jewish husbands from deathcamps, Propaganda in Authoritarian States - Trump's laughter and clapping instigators, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpHRvuVvrDU, https://medium.com/@laurennreiff/how-do-you-think-nazism-happened-4662332b6c4b, www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1Zxy3Z2i34&has_verified=1, https://www.ted.com/talks/sviatlana_tsikhanouskaya_how_to_be_fearless_in_the_face_of_authoritarianism?utm_source=newsletter_daily&utm_campaign=daily&utm_medium=email&utm_content=button__2020-11-12#t-24, "Final Account" taken from The Guardian 12/03/2021. We call these characteristics fascism, authoritarianism, and totalitarianism. It became known as the war to end all wars. It cast an immense shadow on tens of millions of people. How did Mussolini strengthen the power of the Fascist party? The maintenance of power was dependent on the successful control of opposition.. The Italian foreign minister, Antonio Tajani, said he also disagreed with Lus comments. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. - How was land reform implemented from 1950s onwards? These youth groups fostered a cult of violent masculinity, expected girls to aspire only to traditional maternal roles, and promoted the authoritarian belief of blind loyalty to the nation. Discuss (a) the ideology of, and (b) . -Must give jobs to men New ideas introduced in politics. (May 08 TZ2), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power of one ruler of a single-party state. Why were some Italian Fascists unhappy with Mussolinis early years in power? Paper 2 questions- Origins and development of Authoritarian and single-party states Emergence of Authoritarian States: - Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors, social division, impact of war, weakness of political system. Summarise Castro's rise to power in terms of: - conditions faced; mistakes + weaknesses of others, Compare and contrast the role of propaganda in the emergence of two authoritarian states, each from different regions. (May 2007, May 2005), It was personality and not circumstances that brought rulers of single-party states to power. To what extent do you agree with this statement? 83 - How did Castro deal with Lanz + Urrutria, and how did this reflect on him as leader? They reached out to the Nazis to help build a majority in Parliament. The conquest of Ethiopia prompted Fascists to set harsher boundaries of who could be assimilated and who could not. NARRATOR: Certainly, Mussolini and the Fascists saw ethnic minorities as impediments to the creation of a purely Italian state. Estonias foreign minister, Margus Tsahkna, said he was seeking to find out why China has such a position or comments about the Baltic states. Alternatively, some regimes also must grapple with the demands of influential societal sectors, even at the expense of delaying the governments response to the pandemic. Middle class savings were wiped out as severe inflation left the currency worthless. The kulaks are just one example. With a lack of guidance from the top, disorder among the governors ensued, as some officials adopted measures the Kremlin criticized as excessive and others took measures that were deemed insufficient. But this time it gathers . In Iran, in late February as the coronavirus began spreading through the country, Shia clerics vociferously resisted government demands that major shrines be closedan encapsulation of the power of the countrys religious establishment. They believed victory on the battlefield abroad would bring back the glory of ancient Rome and show the world Italy was a real player in the "game of empire." ROMAN CATHOLICISM= official state religion of Italy, Authoritarian control was never completely achieved bc M had to SHARE power with TRADITIONAL italian groups such as the monarchy and the catholic church. Direct link to Yagnesh Peddatimmareddy's post mussolini created a dicta, Posted a month ago. Within Italy, Mussolini promoted the ideas of. Antisemitism (discrimination against Jews) defined Nazism in Germany, but that was not exactly the case with Italian Fascism, at least before 1938. At home, meanwhile, the Japanese government increasingly pushed down any opposition to their war effort. - Discuss this view, with reference to two authoritarian states you have studied from different regions. A fascist regime is a government that embraces extreme nationalism, violence, and action with the goal of internal cleansing and external expansion. These uniforms consist of dark pants, black button up shirts, black hats, and white sashes that criss-cross over the boys bodies. Even Russian President Vladimir Putin, the prototypical authoritarian strongman, displayed striking avoidance behavioror perhaps apathyby moving to his countryside residence outside Moscow after the virus arrived in Russia, leaving his subordinates to convey negative news to the public. This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. Currently, a CBI letter dated 11 April 2023 in possession of The Sunday Guardian, shows that the Bureau has called for the production of several documents from various entities on 17 April 2023 with regard to the scheme for the period between 2016 to 2019. (May 2005), To what extent were the social and economic policies of one of the following successful: Mao, Nasser, Stalin? Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. His research focuses on modern Europe with an emphasis on Germany and Britain from 1789 to 1918. This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. Early success in the Po Valley. Last August, he sparked outrage by suggesting Taiwanese people would need to be re-educated following a Chinese takeover of the self-ruled island, while during the Covid pandemic he suggested France was abandoning old people in nursing homes. One must govern well, and for good government one must also practice good propaganda. Adolf Hitler. Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda . Tsahkna added: I hope that there will be an explanation. In late December 2019, for instance, Chinese authorities silenced and reprimanded Li Wenliang, a Wuhan Central Hospital doctor who warned of the initial outbreak. Numerous nondemocracies, from Russia and Iran to Venezuela and Togo, have been rocked by significant protests. The Fascists, led by Mussolini, formed a street-fighting group called the Blackshirts to support the landowners. There were no bureaucrats to rein in the Fascists. demonstrates how local conditions are often unsuited to the ideal type of civil society as delineated in Western values, for instance in cases where numerous political, . - Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system Despite the cutting-edge manipulative tactics and tricks of many authoritarian regimes, they are not immune from what is perhaps the central political imperative of this century: the steadily rising demands of citizens almost everywhere for capable, effective governance. - How did Cuba survive this economic crisis according to Balfour? (May 2007, 2005), Analyse the methods used to maintain power by either Pern or Stalin. Compare and contrast the conditions that led to the rise to power of two authoritarian/single-party leaders. His position and apparent support for Chinas efforts to play peacemaker in the Russian invasion of Ukraine contrasts with a more hawkish approach from the European Commission president, Ursula von der Leyen. The NSDAP, after becoming reallowed as a political party in 1925, changed their focus and used the democratic system of the Weimar Republic to gain power. NARRATOR: The skim should be very quick and give you the gist (general idea) of what the article is about. Josef Stalin ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. Will the Invasion of Ukraine Change Russia-Africa Relations? We can see how Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and others began to attack journalists, control the flow of information, and stir up nationalism by persecuting ethnic minorities or invading desirable lands. It is hard to blind citizens slammed by a national public health emergency to the realities of weak leadership at the top and incoherent governance at local levels. A good government without propaganda is not more possible than good propaganda without a good government. What did this demonstrate about. - Had to go to war way quicker than was prepared to due to Hitler's orders--> many peasants were conscripted to army UNHAPPY ITALIANS Gagauzias Election Could Help Russia Destabilize Moldova. The German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier warned this year that there is a "worldwide fascination with authoritarianism".. Both emerged as democratic post-colonial states. Germany has awakened! Conditions in China before 1911 Until the 19th century, China was a very conservative nation. TEXT ON SCREEN: 87-88 - What internal threats existed to Castro and how were they dealt with? Create a potted biography of an authoritarian state identified in the article. In lieu of claiming that the coronavirus was invisible and therefore not present, quite a few authoritarian leaders have made themselves invisible instead. Although many Japanese civilians were not supportive of these military efforts, it became dangerous to question the government or the military. The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors.. It started with a string of violent clashes in the northern part of Italy beginning in 1920. Thus unlike minorities in Italy, Ethiopians were viewed by most Fascists as barbaric "others" who could never become Italian. TTY: 202.488.0406, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that, Guidelines for Teaching About the Holocaust, Aftermath of World War I and the Rise of Nazism, 19181933, World War II and the Holocaust, 19391945, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. Many political parties had their own paramilitary units to attack opponents and intimidate voters. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system, 2.) They work together. However, in Indonesia the democratic process was suspended altogether and after about a decade of independence . In January 1933, when the old war hero, President Paul von Hindenburg, invited Hitler to serve as Chancellor in a coalition government, the Nazis could hardly believe their luck. This article details some of those experiments. EU leaders are expected to discuss China policy in June after a recent trip by Emmanuel Macron exposed differences in approach towards handling Xi Jinpings authoritarian rule. Four key weaknesses are manifest. 4.5/5. (Nov 2006), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power ofoneruler of a single-party state. Although there was much weakness in the political system of Weimar Germany from 1919-1933, one man stablised all areas of both politics and daily life for Germans, and hence must be considered a key block in the Nazis' rise to power. The Nazis were revolutionaries who wanted to radically transform Germany. The result was a state that, while authoritarian, was never really totalitarian within the territory of Italy. Aims and results of policies: social, economic, political, cultural. 94 - How Communist was Castro? The unstable authoritarian pathway that so many states followed after colonial rule was . So was the number of parties and splinter groups vying for votes. Why do you think Mussolini was less successful than Hitler in this respect? Russia has lost its soft power: how war in Ukraine destabilises old Soviet allies, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, 2023 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. 1 Not only is the proportion of authoritarian states on the decline, but the proportion of authoritarian states that have institutions conventionally associated . Check your email for details on your request. The new governments first targets were political opponents. Another million were sent to prisons called Gulags. In some ways, their actions were like experiments, pushing the boundaries of authoritarian rule to see what they could get away with. 2023 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Real estate prices soared to $12 a metre to $200 in 1941-57. The major conditions that led to an authoritarian state were treaties that were signed in the 20 th century. authoritarianism, in politics and government, the blind submission to authority and the repression of individual freedom of thought and action. The EUs top diplomat, Josep Borrell, said the bloc would reassess and recalibrate our strategy towards China, adding that foreign ministers would discuss Lus statements as part of planned EU talks on China on Monday. -Political instability. Fascist squads racked up wins as they marched through the provinces crushing socialists, intimidating liberals, and deposing agents of the state. He also supported the brutal suppression of anti-colonial resistance in Libya.
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