This will mean that I will have to have the interval between the different heights from which the ball is dropped from less than 20cm, probably at 10cm. Therefore the ball dropped from the higher height must give out more thermal energy in order to end up with the same amount of energy as the other ball. Its 100% free. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. \(Area = \frac{1}{2} \cdot base \cdot length\), \(Area = 0.5 m \cdot 50 m \cdot 50 m = 1250 m^3\). A controlled variable is one which the researcher holds constant (controls) during an experiment. The experiment was conducted well however as the utmost efforts were brought into place to avoid parallax error and it was ensured as far as possible that factors that affected how high the ball bounced, excluding the height, were kept constant throughout the experiment. The positive and negative directions must be stated in each example. What purpose does a control serve? It depends only on the elasticity of the ball itselfa super ball returns a large fraction while a beanbag returns a tiny fraction. Hold the ball at 6 feet height and release it. Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. Temperature will not affect the balls bounce either as the experiment will be conducted at room temperature, thus not allowing the floor to get cold and in doing so alter its affect upon the ball on impact. The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. This experiment might have been improved if we had developed a method for more accurately measuring the tennis balls bounce height. This means that the higher h. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. it seems the ball is experiencing an oscillatory motion. Questions lead to more questions, which lead to additional hypothesis that need to be tested. Research questions pose a question about the Schematic diagram of two balls dropped from different heights. Its height gradually decreases until it eventually stops moving. Data table 2 indicates that on average tennis ball bounced to a lower height than it was dropped from. This will hopefully discount any anomalies automatically and leave us with three accurate and reliable results. Controlled variables are air temperature, air flow, air pressure where you perform your tests. Stages of bouncing ball example, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals, Motion graphs of a bouncing ball, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals. As there is more GPE more energy is converted into KE (The ball is going faster, KE=1/2mv. will start at 2m and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10cm. An experiment has several types of variables, including a control variable (sometimes called a controlled variable). This would eliminate parallax error further. Material that you may test are: Carpet, Rubber matte, ply wood, sponge, Styrofoam, another ball, . A decrease in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. Repeat your tests for each different type of bouncing surface and record the results in a table like this: Experiments are often done in series. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. Belowis the graph of h1against h2. However the conditions were kept the same for each drop of the ball. Your assistant will record the bounce. the initial height of your ball when you released it. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. WebPhysics Lab 1 - Bouncing Ball - Hardik December 2019 PDF Bookmark This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. his the height of the balls bounce. If you follow the motion of either ball, youll realize that theres a moment halfway through its bounce when the ball is perfectly motionless in contact with the floor. The average variation between results was 3cm. Many questions are related. This would allow one to find the terminal velocity of the ball. So, we equate the potential energy and the kinetic energy. 1. A) Find the total distance of travel until the ball hits the ground for the 5th time. Method: To set up the Create and find flashcards in record time. Measure the height the ball reaches after the first bounce and record. 2. For this reason, its also known as a controlled variable or a constant variable. Possible sources of error include several types of measurement errors. In air considerations have to be taken into account such as air resistance but even so the rough height to which it will bounce to can be predicted before dropping the ball. Your challenge will be to find a way to determine your balls e, and the initial height of the ball when you first dropped it. http://wings.avkids.com/Curriculums/Tennis/index.html. A ball that is dropped in air however is subjected to air resistance which affects the height to which it bounces. Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. I do not believe that any ball will reach terminal velocity in this experiment seeing as the maximum height that they can be dropped from is 2m and, as the ball is quite smooth, I do not believe that it will have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity before it hits the floor. These stages are continuously repeated and shown in the sequence below. WebThe Bounciest Ball Experiment Overview: In this lesson, students conduct a series of experiments with different balls to observe which bounce the highest and to see how they could make balls bounce higher. 30% of the energy that the ball hits the floor wit is lost. If you get more than one value, calculate and record the average. When dropped on a solid surface, not even a super ball bounces back as high as its initial height, but some balls do bounce a lot better than others. As a general rule, when the ball is travelling in the positive direction (upwards), the velocity can be assumed to be positive. It was decided that the first drop would start at 2m off the floor and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10 cm off the floor. Using the graph above, we can find the displacement by using the area under the graph, which is equal to the displacement. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. 15 inches, and the golf ball bounced 26 inches. 7. They identify variables to be changed, measured and controlled. Both potential and kinetic energy have units of Joules (J). If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h1in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h1 after bouncing. If you choose to study on the effect of air pressure inside the ball, your variables will be defined like this: Independent variable (also known as manipulated variable) is the balls air pressure. \(E_{pot} = E_{kin} \cdot m \cdot g \cdot h = \frac{1}{2} \cdot m \cdot v^2\). The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. Type your answer here: The independent is the variable you change, The dependent variable is the variable you observe to determine the impact of the independent variable, and control variable is the constant, which is something that is assigned a value, and it will not change in the experiment. You will then take your bounces and their respective time intervals to a spread sheet. You may now be able to understand or verify things that you discovered when gathering information for the project. The slope of the line in graph 1 was found to be 0.5. WebVariables: Height from which the ball is dropped Mass of the ball Material ball is made from External factors, i.e. How well a ball bounces deals with its coefficient of restitution. It is the most basic kind of energy. where g is the gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/ sec 2 at the Earths surface), and where h is the height of the object, measured with respect to any convenient zero- level. Finally, we need to multiply the distance found by 2, as one bounce of the ball includes both a rise and fall. When you drop a ball from a greater height, it has more kinetic energy just before it hits the floor and stores more energy during the bounceit dents farther as it comes to a stop. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. The ball rebounds to 72 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. If you did not observe a consistent, reproducible trend in your series of experimental runs there may be experimental errors affecting your results. This proves that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. 1. Course of Theoretical Physics : Mechanics (Course of Theoretical Physics), Engineering Mechanics Dynamics (11th Edition). The bounce of a dropped ball has a direct relation with the air pressure inside the ball. The first graph is a displacement vs time graph. Dependent Variable: The height of the bounce. To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. or hold Ctrl and then use arrow keys to move the wave 0.01 second left or right. The mass is cancelled out in the above equation, and we re-arrange with respect to velocity. What factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball? If you choose to study on any other variable, following are samples of hypothesis. Draw a graph of bounce height Vs drop height. WebControlled Variables: -Golf ball -PVC piping -Angle of Ramp Our controlled variable was Manipulated Variable: -Release point -Distance ball bounces Our manipulated variables was: Dependent Variable: The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. This is impossible. h1 = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. The material ball is made from will affect the ball as if it is smooth then the drag will be significantly less than if it is rough. Use the same point on the ball (top) or (bottom) when judging both the height A bouncing ball follows a projectile motion which is moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. If you change more than one at a time, you will not know what variable is causing your observation. The ball pushes on the floor and the floor pushes back on the ball, causing it to rebound. Now is the time to pull together what happened, and assess the experiments you did. Hence when a force is applied to a surface, it also applies a force equal in magnitude, but in the opposite direction. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Changes in air pressure could have affected results as could changes in temperature however changes in these two factors would have been small; air pressure would not have changed enough to affect the results in the hour period in which the experiment was conducted, and although the rooms temperature may have increased by a degree or two, due to body heat, over the course of the period temperature was not a major factor that affected the height to which the ball bounced and would not have significantly affected the results. Discussing the variables involved in this experiment. The variable to be changed in the experiment is the drop height, therefore the drop height will be the independent variable investigated. The effect of changing the drop height will be measured by calculating the bounce efficiency of the tennis ball. KE = 1/2mv where m = mass and v = velocity, 1/2mv = mhg - thermal energy (lost as a result of drag). WebBouncing Ball Experiment. However, the tennis ball we used may be a very old one, and to definitely prove that our hypothesis is wrong for most tennis balls we would need to repeat the experiment with many different tennis balls. This phenomenon is described by Newton's third law. Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. Therefore the results are valid. You may need to calculate the average of bounce height. In this experiment you will drop a ball on a hard surface such as table and record the sounds it makes when it bounces using a computer and any sound recorder program. Specifically, you are tasked to determine: B.) This is also reflected in the velocity graph; the velocity is at its maximum at the minimum displacement and goes through zero at its maximum heights. C) Frozen tennis balls will not bounce as high. Studying tables and graphs, we can see trends that tell us how different variables cause our observations. Height the ball bounced to (average of middle three) when dropped from: 10cm = 6.7 6.7 = 66% of 10 (to the nearest percent), 20cm = 14.0 14.0 = 70% of 20 (to the nearest percent), 30cm = 22.3 22.3 = 74% of 30 (to the nearest percent). Choose one of the variables you listed in #4, and design an experiment to test it. 7. Air density will not change enough to affect the flight of the ball seeing as all the results will be collected during a brief period on one day. A bouncing ball is an example of oscillatory motion as the ball is oscillating about the equilibrium position. All of the factors that could have affected the results that were uncontrollable could have produced variations between results. The selection of balls for official games in most sports (esp. These stages can also be represented graphically using three plots including a displacement, velocity, and acceleration vs time graph. If the elastic potential energy is the same then the same amount of energy is converted back into KE and so the balls leave the floor at the same speed. It travels upwards towards its highest point. The second stage is the point at which the ball decelerates, changes direction once it has reached the peak point, and starts falling to the ground. The ball moves upwards, reaching stage 1, i.e., maximum height, and its velocity is momentarily zero. 8. Also the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 1ms, and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 2ms, is far smaller than the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 20ms, and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 21ms, , the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. \(v^2 = 2 \cdot g \cdot hv = \sqrt{2 \cdot 9.81 \frac{m}{s^2} \cdot 3 m} = 7.67 \frac{m}{s}\). Keep track of where you got your information from. If the KE is the same as they hit the ground the energy stored in the ball as elastic potential energy will be the same also. The ball did not reach terminal velocity however as it did not have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity. Several meter sticks for measuring the height of the bouncing ball or drawing a larger meter stick. Hypothesis. What is the force that causes a ball to bounce? Figure 1. It is also known as a constant variable or simply as a "control." Report DMCA Overview The more KE that the ball possessed as it hit the floor, the more that was transferred into elastic potential energy and back into KE. What principle describes the bouncing motion of a ball? As drag is a squared function, proportional to the square of the velocity, it is impossible to calculate the velocity that the ball hits the floor at. The results of our experiment show that this probably is not the case. The last stage is the point at which the ball has reached its maximum displacement, decelerates, and changes the direction of motion from upwards to downwards. Review each step of the procedure to find sources of potential errors. This means that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (CR) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v22) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v12): If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h1 and CR. My hypothesis is based on my observation of balls that are not well inflated. The most valuable resources for teachers and students. The balls finish up with the same amount of energy and the only energy given out is thermal energy. Therefore any change to the weight of the ball will affect the energy the ball has initially, which, as previously stated, affects the height to which the ball bounces. The CoR can be measured directly by velocity measurements but often it is handier to measure the height of rise of the ball after it bounces relative to the height that it fell. Calculating the coefficient to restitution of ball hitting the floor: The coefficient to restitution can be found out from a graph of h1against h2. Balls: Terminal Speed and Coefficient of Restitution. It will be important to keep track of what times go between what bounces. Gravitational potential energy means energy that an object has based on where it is located in a gravitational field. At first, try to choose variables that you think act independently of each other. Hypothesis: Based on your gathered information, make an educated In this experiment there are FOUR VARIABLES. What is happening to the balls energy with each bounce? You will next need to record your bounces and their respective times. Hence, the only force acting on the ball is gravity. Method:The apparatus will be set up as shown: H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. As the ball falls through the air, the Law of Conservation of Energy is in effect and states that energy is neither gained nor lost, only transferred from one form to another. It could also be a written statement of what occurred during experiments. The last term can be the lowest height of the ball before it comes to an end as seen below. So if we double the air pressure, we will get double bounce height. Therefore the energy that the ball hits the floor with = mh, The proportion of energy lost when ball hits the floor = The Coefficient to the restitution of the two objects (C, All of the energy that the ball leaves the floor with is converted back into GPE, If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h, can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore C. The clamp stand will be clamped down to the desk using a g-clamp to prevent it falling over and causing possible injuries. WebControl variables, also known as controlled variables, are properties that researchers hold constant for all observations in an experiment. Aim:To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. As CR = h2/ h1it follows the gradient of the graph change in h2/ change in h1= CR. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. This was when the ball was falling in air. Measuring the height to which the ball bounced on subsequent bounces would be interesting, seeing if h. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. WebHave them list all the variables they think will affect ball bounce. It is always important for students, parents and teachers to know a good source for science related equipment and supplies they need for their science activities. When raw data gets processed mathematically, for example, it becomes results. Kinetic energy means energy associated with motion. This help to greatly increase the accuracy of the experiment. Procedure: One group member drops a tennis ball from a specific height, while the other group member notes how high the ball bounces. At the terminal speed, the drag force = the gravitational force. Experiment 2 is for testing the effect of air pressure. , v is greater therefore KE is greater by a larger amount). At 3ft, the basketball bounced 20 inches, the tennis ball bounced. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. A ball falls from 8 metres and rebounds to 52 percent of its previous height. What you have learned may allow you to answer other questions. What does the motion of a bouncing ball look like? GPE=Mass (kg) Gravitational Field Strength (N/Kg) Height (m). At the moment of impact, the ball also experiences deformation and the coefficient of restitution, which depends on the bounciness of the ball. WebA bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. The moving ball gains kinetic energy when it bounces, and loses potential energy as it falls. The more particles per cubic meter, the more drag acting upon the ball. h2= The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. When a ball drops in air there is air resistance to which the ball loses energy in the form of thermal energy. Try to find more information from physics or mechanics books. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. Changes in the area of linoleum floor tile that the ball collided with may have affected the height to which it bounced to thus producing variation between results. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (C, ) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v, ) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v, If a ball is dropped in a vacuum. Do you think e is constant for your ball? B) Using the conservation of energy, find the velocity of the ball before it hits the ground from a height of three metres. When the ball travels in the negative direction (downwards), the velocity can be assumed to be negative. The surface onto which the ball is dropped upon will be kept the same. If you determine that experimental errors are influencing your results, carefully rethink the design of your experiments. Bounce/Release is the relation of bounce height to the release height. Please note that many online stores for science supplies are managed by MiniScience. " It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. The force that is received by the ball from the ground from the collision causes it to rebound, which converts the potential energy to kinetic energy. When the ball was dropped from the higher heights the ball began to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. The third stage is the point at which the ball is momentarily deformed, and bounces off the ground in an upward direction until it reaches its maximum height. The same square of tiling will be used throughout the experiment so that inconsistencies between different floor tiles do not affect results. A series of experiments that includes a control is called a controlled experiment.. Dependable controls are sometimes very hard to develop. Grammar mistakes. The sum of the two, mechanical energy, stays the same ( is conserved.). ball bounced 6 inches. = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. The difference between the predicted height and the actual height will provide evidence as to how air resistance affects the flight of the ball. Dependent variable is the height that the ball bounces. For example this is a sample explanation. Also it will affect its bouncing properties. Use a racquetball, a golf ball or any kind that bounces well and makes a nice crisp sound when it bounces. What type of motion does a bouncing ball experience? The only difference is that no experimental variables are changed. A series of experiments can be done by changing one variable a different amount each time. Use the pencil and ruler to connect the incoming and outgoing trajectories of the marble to the point where the marble bounced off the wood. Advanced levels of experimental science rely heavily on graphical and mathematical analysis of data. The acceleration on the ball is the acceleration of gravity, which acts downwards on the ball. Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates, Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire, Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion, Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment, Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena, Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force, Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre. The ball is not performing a simple harmonic motion, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement from an equilibrium position. WebRamp and ball, controlled study lab report. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. GPE also changes as the ball falls. Heres an example of an Excel spread sheet that analyzes whats going on: Heres a graph of energy vs. bounce from the spread sheet: Purpose: To determine how high a tennis ball will bounce when dropped from a specific height. When you hold a ball above a surface, the ball has potential energy. For each run, a different amount of change in the variable is used. Therefore of the GPE that the ball possessed at the beginning some energy is given off as thermal energy. These are illustrated below. Because the ball is softer than the floor, it does most of the denting and stores most of the energy. 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